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DiminishAR: Diminishing Visual Distractions via Holographic AR Displays (2403.03875v2)
Published 6 Mar 2024 in cs.HC
Abstract: Smartphones are integral to modern life, yet research highlights the cognitive drawbacks associated with their mere presence. While physically removing them can mitigate these effects, it is often inconvenient and may heighten anxiety due to prolonged separation. To address this, we use holographic augmented reality (AR) displays to visually diminish distractions with two interventions: 1) Visual Camouflage, which disguises the smartphone with a hologram that matches its size and blends with the background, making it less noticeable, and 2) Visual Substitution, which occludes the smartphone with a contextually relevant hologram, like books on a desk. In a study with 60 participants, we compared cognitive performance with the smartphone nearby, remote, and visually diminished by our AR interventions. Our findings show that the interventions significantly reduce cognitive impairment, with effects comparable to physically removing the smartphone. The adaptability of our approach opens new avenues to manage visual distractions in daily life.
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[2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. 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[2023] Hartanto, A., Lee, K.Y., Chua, Y.J., Quek, F.Y., Majeed, N.M.: Smartphone use and daily cognitive failures: A critical examination using a daily diary approach with objective smartphone measures. British Journal of Psychology 114(1), 70–85 (2023) Skowronek et al. [2023] Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. 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IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Fabio, R.A., Stracuzzi, A., Lo Faro, R.: Problematic smartphone use leads to behavioral and cognitive self-control deficits. International journal of environmental research and public health 19(12), 7445 (2022) Daniyal et al. [2022] Daniyal, M., Javaid, S.F., Hassan, A., Khan, M.A.: The relationship between cellphone usage on the physical and mental wellbeing of university students: A cross-sectional study. International journal of environmental research and public health 19(15), 9352 (2022) Hartanto et al. [2023] Hartanto, A., Lee, K.Y., Chua, Y.J., Quek, F.Y., Majeed, N.M.: Smartphone use and daily cognitive failures: A critical examination using a daily diary approach with objective smartphone measures. British Journal of Psychology 114(1), 70–85 (2023) Skowronek et al. [2023] Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Daniyal, M., Javaid, S.F., Hassan, A., Khan, M.A.: The relationship between cellphone usage on the physical and mental wellbeing of university students: A cross-sectional study. International journal of environmental research and public health 19(15), 9352 (2022) Hartanto et al. [2023] Hartanto, A., Lee, K.Y., Chua, Y.J., Quek, F.Y., Majeed, N.M.: Smartphone use and daily cognitive failures: A critical examination using a daily diary approach with objective smartphone measures. British Journal of Psychology 114(1), 70–85 (2023) Skowronek et al. [2023] Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. 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[2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. 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[2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Lee, K.Y., Chua, Y.J., Quek, F.Y., Majeed, N.M.: Smartphone use and daily cognitive failures: A critical examination using a daily diary approach with objective smartphone measures. British Journal of Psychology 114(1), 70–85 (2023) Skowronek et al. [2023] Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. 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IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. 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PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. 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PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. 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[2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. 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[2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. 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[2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. 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[2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. 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IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. 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[2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. 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[2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. 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[2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. 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In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Fabio, R.A., Stracuzzi, A., Lo Faro, R.: Problematic smartphone use leads to behavioral and cognitive self-control deficits. International journal of environmental research and public health 19(12), 7445 (2022) Daniyal et al. [2022] Daniyal, M., Javaid, S.F., Hassan, A., Khan, M.A.: The relationship between cellphone usage on the physical and mental wellbeing of university students: A cross-sectional study. International journal of environmental research and public health 19(15), 9352 (2022) Hartanto et al. [2023] Hartanto, A., Lee, K.Y., Chua, Y.J., Quek, F.Y., Majeed, N.M.: Smartphone use and daily cognitive failures: A critical examination using a daily diary approach with objective smartphone measures. British Journal of Psychology 114(1), 70–85 (2023) Skowronek et al. [2023] Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. 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[2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. 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IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Daniyal, M., Javaid, S.F., Hassan, A., Khan, M.A.: The relationship between cellphone usage on the physical and mental wellbeing of university students: A cross-sectional study. International journal of environmental research and public health 19(15), 9352 (2022) Hartanto et al. [2023] Hartanto, A., Lee, K.Y., Chua, Y.J., Quek, F.Y., Majeed, N.M.: Smartphone use and daily cognitive failures: A critical examination using a daily diary approach with objective smartphone measures. British Journal of Psychology 114(1), 70–85 (2023) Skowronek et al. [2023] Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Lee, K.Y., Chua, Y.J., Quek, F.Y., Majeed, N.M.: Smartphone use and daily cognitive failures: A critical examination using a daily diary approach with objective smartphone measures. British Journal of Psychology 114(1), 70–85 (2023) Skowronek et al. [2023] Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. 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[2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. 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[2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. 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IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. 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[2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. 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Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. 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[2023] Hartanto, A., Lee, K.Y., Chua, Y.J., Quek, F.Y., Majeed, N.M.: Smartphone use and daily cognitive failures: A critical examination using a daily diary approach with objective smartphone measures. British Journal of Psychology 114(1), 70–85 (2023) Skowronek et al. [2023] Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. 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IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Fabio, R.A., Stracuzzi, A., Lo Faro, R.: Problematic smartphone use leads to behavioral and cognitive self-control deficits. International journal of environmental research and public health 19(12), 7445 (2022) Daniyal et al. [2022] Daniyal, M., Javaid, S.F., Hassan, A., Khan, M.A.: The relationship between cellphone usage on the physical and mental wellbeing of university students: A cross-sectional study. International journal of environmental research and public health 19(15), 9352 (2022) Hartanto et al. [2023] Hartanto, A., Lee, K.Y., Chua, Y.J., Quek, F.Y., Majeed, N.M.: Smartphone use and daily cognitive failures: A critical examination using a daily diary approach with objective smartphone measures. British Journal of Psychology 114(1), 70–85 (2023) Skowronek et al. [2023] Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Daniyal, M., Javaid, S.F., Hassan, A., Khan, M.A.: The relationship between cellphone usage on the physical and mental wellbeing of university students: A cross-sectional study. International journal of environmental research and public health 19(15), 9352 (2022) Hartanto et al. [2023] Hartanto, A., Lee, K.Y., Chua, Y.J., Quek, F.Y., Majeed, N.M.: Smartphone use and daily cognitive failures: A critical examination using a daily diary approach with objective smartphone measures. British Journal of Psychology 114(1), 70–85 (2023) Skowronek et al. [2023] Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. 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[2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. 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[2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Lee, K.Y., Chua, Y.J., Quek, F.Y., Majeed, N.M.: Smartphone use and daily cognitive failures: A critical examination using a daily diary approach with objective smartphone measures. British Journal of Psychology 114(1), 70–85 (2023) Skowronek et al. [2023] Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. 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IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. 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PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. 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PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. 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[2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. 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[2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. 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[2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. 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[2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. 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[2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. 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[2023] Hartanto, A., Lee, K.Y., Chua, Y.J., Quek, F.Y., Majeed, N.M.: Smartphone use and daily cognitive failures: A critical examination using a daily diary approach with objective smartphone measures. British Journal of Psychology 114(1), 70–85 (2023) Skowronek et al. [2023] Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Fabio, R.A., Stracuzzi, A., Lo Faro, R.: Problematic smartphone use leads to behavioral and cognitive self-control deficits. International journal of environmental research and public health 19(12), 7445 (2022) Daniyal et al. [2022] Daniyal, M., Javaid, S.F., Hassan, A., Khan, M.A.: The relationship between cellphone usage on the physical and mental wellbeing of university students: A cross-sectional study. International journal of environmental research and public health 19(15), 9352 (2022) Hartanto et al. [2023] Hartanto, A., Lee, K.Y., Chua, Y.J., Quek, F.Y., Majeed, N.M.: Smartphone use and daily cognitive failures: A critical examination using a daily diary approach with objective smartphone measures. British Journal of Psychology 114(1), 70–85 (2023) Skowronek et al. [2023] Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Daniyal, M., Javaid, S.F., Hassan, A., Khan, M.A.: The relationship between cellphone usage on the physical and mental wellbeing of university students: A cross-sectional study. International journal of environmental research and public health 19(15), 9352 (2022) Hartanto et al. [2023] Hartanto, A., Lee, K.Y., Chua, Y.J., Quek, F.Y., Majeed, N.M.: Smartphone use and daily cognitive failures: A critical examination using a daily diary approach with objective smartphone measures. British Journal of Psychology 114(1), 70–85 (2023) Skowronek et al. [2023] Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Lee, K.Y., Chua, Y.J., Quek, F.Y., Majeed, N.M.: Smartphone use and daily cognitive failures: A critical examination using a daily diary approach with objective smartphone measures. British Journal of Psychology 114(1), 70–85 (2023) Skowronek et al. [2023] Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. 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[2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. 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[2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. 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IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. 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Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. 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[2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. 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[2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. 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IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. 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Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. 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[2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. 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[2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. 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[2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. 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[2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Sunday, O.J., Adesope, O.O., Maarhuis, P.L.: The effects of smartphone addiction on learning: A meta-analysis. Computers in Human Behavior Reports 4, 100114 (2021) Schwaiger and Tahir [2022] Schwaiger, E., Tahir, R.: The impact of nomophobia and smartphone presence on fluid intelligence and attention. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace 16(1) (2022) Fabio et al. [2022] Fabio, R.A., Stracuzzi, A., Lo Faro, R.: Problematic smartphone use leads to behavioral and cognitive self-control deficits. International journal of environmental research and public health 19(12), 7445 (2022) Daniyal et al. 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[2023] Hartanto, A., Lee, K.Y., Chua, Y.J., Quek, F.Y., Majeed, N.M.: Smartphone use and daily cognitive failures: A critical examination using a daily diary approach with objective smartphone measures. British Journal of Psychology 114(1), 70–85 (2023) Skowronek et al. [2023] Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. 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Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Fabio, R.A., Stracuzzi, A., Lo Faro, R.: Problematic smartphone use leads to behavioral and cognitive self-control deficits. International journal of environmental research and public health 19(12), 7445 (2022) Daniyal et al. [2022] Daniyal, M., Javaid, S.F., Hassan, A., Khan, M.A.: The relationship between cellphone usage on the physical and mental wellbeing of university students: A cross-sectional study. International journal of environmental research and public health 19(15), 9352 (2022) Hartanto et al. [2023] Hartanto, A., Lee, K.Y., Chua, Y.J., Quek, F.Y., Majeed, N.M.: Smartphone use and daily cognitive failures: A critical examination using a daily diary approach with objective smartphone measures. British Journal of Psychology 114(1), 70–85 (2023) Skowronek et al. [2023] Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Daniyal, M., Javaid, S.F., Hassan, A., Khan, M.A.: The relationship between cellphone usage on the physical and mental wellbeing of university students: A cross-sectional study. International journal of environmental research and public health 19(15), 9352 (2022) Hartanto et al. [2023] Hartanto, A., Lee, K.Y., Chua, Y.J., Quek, F.Y., Majeed, N.M.: Smartphone use and daily cognitive failures: A critical examination using a daily diary approach with objective smartphone measures. British Journal of Psychology 114(1), 70–85 (2023) Skowronek et al. [2023] Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. 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[2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Lee, K.Y., Chua, Y.J., Quek, F.Y., Majeed, N.M.: Smartphone use and daily cognitive failures: A critical examination using a daily diary approach with objective smartphone measures. British Journal of Psychology 114(1), 70–85 (2023) Skowronek et al. [2023] Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. 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IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. 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Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. 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[2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. 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[2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. 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[2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Sunday, O.J., Adesope, O.O., Maarhuis, P.L.: The effects of smartphone addiction on learning: A meta-analysis. Computers in Human Behavior Reports 4, 100114 (2021) Schwaiger and Tahir [2022] Schwaiger, E., Tahir, R.: The impact of nomophobia and smartphone presence on fluid intelligence and attention. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace 16(1) (2022) Fabio et al. [2022] Fabio, R.A., Stracuzzi, A., Lo Faro, R.: Problematic smartphone use leads to behavioral and cognitive self-control deficits. International journal of environmental research and public health 19(12), 7445 (2022) Daniyal et al. 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[2023] Hartanto, A., Lee, K.Y., Chua, Y.J., Quek, F.Y., Majeed, N.M.: Smartphone use and daily cognitive failures: A critical examination using a daily diary approach with objective smartphone measures. British Journal of Psychology 114(1), 70–85 (2023) Skowronek et al. [2023] Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. 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Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Fabio, R.A., Stracuzzi, A., Lo Faro, R.: Problematic smartphone use leads to behavioral and cognitive self-control deficits. International journal of environmental research and public health 19(12), 7445 (2022) Daniyal et al. [2022] Daniyal, M., Javaid, S.F., Hassan, A., Khan, M.A.: The relationship between cellphone usage on the physical and mental wellbeing of university students: A cross-sectional study. International journal of environmental research and public health 19(15), 9352 (2022) Hartanto et al. [2023] Hartanto, A., Lee, K.Y., Chua, Y.J., Quek, F.Y., Majeed, N.M.: Smartphone use and daily cognitive failures: A critical examination using a daily diary approach with objective smartphone measures. British Journal of Psychology 114(1), 70–85 (2023) Skowronek et al. [2023] Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Daniyal, M., Javaid, S.F., Hassan, A., Khan, M.A.: The relationship between cellphone usage on the physical and mental wellbeing of university students: A cross-sectional study. International journal of environmental research and public health 19(15), 9352 (2022) Hartanto et al. [2023] Hartanto, A., Lee, K.Y., Chua, Y.J., Quek, F.Y., Majeed, N.M.: Smartphone use and daily cognitive failures: A critical examination using a daily diary approach with objective smartphone measures. British Journal of Psychology 114(1), 70–85 (2023) Skowronek et al. [2023] Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. 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[2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Lee, K.Y., Chua, Y.J., Quek, F.Y., Majeed, N.M.: Smartphone use and daily cognitive failures: A critical examination using a daily diary approach with objective smartphone measures. British Journal of Psychology 114(1), 70–85 (2023) Skowronek et al. [2023] Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. 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IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. 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Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. 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Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Sunday, O.J., Adesope, O.O., Maarhuis, P.L.: The effects of smartphone addiction on learning: A meta-analysis. Computers in Human Behavior Reports 4, 100114 (2021) Schwaiger and Tahir [2022] Schwaiger, E., Tahir, R.: The impact of nomophobia and smartphone presence on fluid intelligence and attention. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace 16(1) (2022) Fabio et al. [2022] Fabio, R.A., Stracuzzi, A., Lo Faro, R.: Problematic smartphone use leads to behavioral and cognitive self-control deficits. International journal of environmental research and public health 19(12), 7445 (2022) Daniyal et al. [2022] Daniyal, M., Javaid, S.F., Hassan, A., Khan, M.A.: The relationship between cellphone usage on the physical and mental wellbeing of university students: A cross-sectional study. International journal of environmental research and public health 19(15), 9352 (2022) Hartanto et al. [2023] Hartanto, A., Lee, K.Y., Chua, Y.J., Quek, F.Y., Majeed, N.M.: Smartphone use and daily cognitive failures: A critical examination using a daily diary approach with objective smartphone measures. British Journal of Psychology 114(1), 70–85 (2023) Skowronek et al. [2023] Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Schwaiger, E., Tahir, R.: The impact of nomophobia and smartphone presence on fluid intelligence and attention. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace 16(1) (2022) Fabio et al. [2022] Fabio, R.A., Stracuzzi, A., Lo Faro, R.: Problematic smartphone use leads to behavioral and cognitive self-control deficits. International journal of environmental research and public health 19(12), 7445 (2022) Daniyal et al. [2022] Daniyal, M., Javaid, S.F., Hassan, A., Khan, M.A.: The relationship between cellphone usage on the physical and mental wellbeing of university students: A cross-sectional study. International journal of environmental research and public health 19(15), 9352 (2022) Hartanto et al. [2023] Hartanto, A., Lee, K.Y., Chua, Y.J., Quek, F.Y., Majeed, N.M.: Smartphone use and daily cognitive failures: A critical examination using a daily diary approach with objective smartphone measures. British Journal of Psychology 114(1), 70–85 (2023) Skowronek et al. [2023] Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Fabio, R.A., Stracuzzi, A., Lo Faro, R.: Problematic smartphone use leads to behavioral and cognitive self-control deficits. International journal of environmental research and public health 19(12), 7445 (2022) Daniyal et al. [2022] Daniyal, M., Javaid, S.F., Hassan, A., Khan, M.A.: The relationship between cellphone usage on the physical and mental wellbeing of university students: A cross-sectional study. International journal of environmental research and public health 19(15), 9352 (2022) Hartanto et al. [2023] Hartanto, A., Lee, K.Y., Chua, Y.J., Quek, F.Y., Majeed, N.M.: Smartphone use and daily cognitive failures: A critical examination using a daily diary approach with objective smartphone measures. British Journal of Psychology 114(1), 70–85 (2023) Skowronek et al. [2023] Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Daniyal, M., Javaid, S.F., Hassan, A., Khan, M.A.: The relationship between cellphone usage on the physical and mental wellbeing of university students: A cross-sectional study. International journal of environmental research and public health 19(15), 9352 (2022) Hartanto et al. [2023] Hartanto, A., Lee, K.Y., Chua, Y.J., Quek, F.Y., Majeed, N.M.: Smartphone use and daily cognitive failures: A critical examination using a daily diary approach with objective smartphone measures. British Journal of Psychology 114(1), 70–85 (2023) Skowronek et al. [2023] Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Lee, K.Y., Chua, Y.J., Quek, F.Y., Majeed, N.M.: Smartphone use and daily cognitive failures: A critical examination using a daily diary approach with objective smartphone measures. British Journal of Psychology 114(1), 70–85 (2023) Skowronek et al. [2023] Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. 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[2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. 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[2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. 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IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. 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Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. 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[2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. 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[2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. 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IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. 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Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. 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[2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. 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[2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Fabio, R.A., Stracuzzi, A., Lo Faro, R.: Problematic smartphone use leads to behavioral and cognitive self-control deficits. International journal of environmental research and public health 19(12), 7445 (2022) Daniyal et al. [2022] Daniyal, M., Javaid, S.F., Hassan, A., Khan, M.A.: The relationship between cellphone usage on the physical and mental wellbeing of university students: A cross-sectional study. International journal of environmental research and public health 19(15), 9352 (2022) Hartanto et al. [2023] Hartanto, A., Lee, K.Y., Chua, Y.J., Quek, F.Y., Majeed, N.M.: Smartphone use and daily cognitive failures: A critical examination using a daily diary approach with objective smartphone measures. British Journal of Psychology 114(1), 70–85 (2023) Skowronek et al. [2023] Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Daniyal, M., Javaid, S.F., Hassan, A., Khan, M.A.: The relationship between cellphone usage on the physical and mental wellbeing of university students: A cross-sectional study. International journal of environmental research and public health 19(15), 9352 (2022) Hartanto et al. [2023] Hartanto, A., Lee, K.Y., Chua, Y.J., Quek, F.Y., Majeed, N.M.: Smartphone use and daily cognitive failures: A critical examination using a daily diary approach with objective smartphone measures. British Journal of Psychology 114(1), 70–85 (2023) Skowronek et al. [2023] Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. 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[2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. 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In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Lee, K.Y., Chua, Y.J., Quek, F.Y., Majeed, N.M.: Smartphone use and daily cognitive failures: A critical examination using a daily diary approach with objective smartphone measures. British Journal of Psychology 114(1), 70–85 (2023) Skowronek et al. [2023] Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. 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PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. 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PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. 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[2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. 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In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Daniyal, M., Javaid, S.F., Hassan, A., Khan, M.A.: The relationship between cellphone usage on the physical and mental wellbeing of university students: A cross-sectional study. International journal of environmental research and public health 19(15), 9352 (2022) Hartanto et al. [2023] Hartanto, A., Lee, K.Y., Chua, Y.J., Quek, F.Y., Majeed, N.M.: Smartphone use and daily cognitive failures: A critical examination using a daily diary approach with objective smartphone measures. British Journal of Psychology 114(1), 70–85 (2023) Skowronek et al. [2023] Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Lee, K.Y., Chua, Y.J., Quek, F.Y., Majeed, N.M.: Smartphone use and daily cognitive failures: A critical examination using a daily diary approach with objective smartphone measures. British Journal of Psychology 114(1), 70–85 (2023) Skowronek et al. [2023] Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. 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[2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. 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[2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. 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[2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. 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[2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Lee, K.Y., Chua, Y.J., Quek, F.Y., Majeed, N.M.: Smartphone use and daily cognitive failures: A critical examination using a daily diary approach with objective smartphone measures. British Journal of Psychology 114(1), 70–85 (2023) Skowronek et al. [2023] Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. 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IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. 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PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. 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PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. 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[2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. 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[2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Skowronek, J., Seifert, A., Lindberg, S.: The mere presence of a smartphone reduces basal attentional performance. Scientific Reports 13(1), 9363 (2023) Sweller [2011] Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. 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[2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. 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[2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. 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[2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. 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[2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. 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[2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. 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[2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. 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[2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. 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In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. 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In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Sweller, J.: Cognitive load theory. Psychology of learning and motivation 55, 37–76 (2011) Jeffri and Rambli [2021] Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Jeffri, N.F.S., Rambli, D.R.A.: A review of augmented reality systems and their effects on mental workload and task performance. Heliyon 7(3) (2021) Buchner et al. [2021] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. 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IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. 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In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. 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[2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. 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IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. 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Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. 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PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. 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PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. 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[2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. 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[2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. 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[2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. 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In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. 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[2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. 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SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. 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In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. 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Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. 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[2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: A systematic map of research characteristics in studies on augmented reality and cognitive load. Computers and Education Open 2, 100036 (2021) Buchner et al. [2022] Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. 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IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Buchner, J., Buntins, K., Kerres, M.: The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38(1), 285–303 (2022) Schall Jr et al. [2013] Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Schall Jr, M.C., Rusch, M.L., Lee, J.D., Dawson, J.D., Thomas, G., Aksan, N., Rizzo, M.: Augmented reality cues and elderly driver hazard perception. Human factors 55(3), 643–658 (2013) Desai et al. [2016] Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. 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In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Desai, K., Bahirat, K., Ramalingam, S., Prabhakaran, B., Annaswamy, T., Makris, U.E.: Augmented reality-based exergames for rehabilitation. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems, pp. 1–10 (2016) Yoon et al. [2017] Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. 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Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. 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[2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. 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[2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. 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IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. 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[2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. 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IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yoon, S., Anderson, E., Lin, J., Elinich, K.: How augmented reality enables conceptual understanding of challenging science content. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20(1), 156–168 (2017) Baumeister et al. [2017] Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. 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[2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. 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[2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. 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[2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Baumeister, J., Ssin, S.Y., ElSayed, N.A., Dorrian, J., Webb, D.P., Walsh, J.A., Simon, T.M., Irlitti, A., Smith, R.T., Kohler, M., et al.: Cognitive cost of using augmented reality displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 23(11), 2378–2388 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza et al. [2018] Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. 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[2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. 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In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. 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In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. 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[2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. 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PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. 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PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. 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[2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. 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[2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. 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[2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. 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[2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. 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IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ruiz-Ariza, A., Casuso, R.A., Suarez-Manzano, S., Martínez-López, E.J.: Effect of augmented reality game pokémon go on cognitive performance and emotional intelligence in adolescent young. Computers & Education 116, 49–63 (2018) İbili [2019] İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. 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In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. 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In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. 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[2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. 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[2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. 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PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. 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PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. 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[2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. 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[2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017)
- İbili, E.: Effect of augmented reality environments on cognitive load: pedagogical effect, instructional design, motivation and interaction interfaces. International Journal of Progressive Education 15(5), 42–57 (2019) Ibili and Billinghurst [2019] Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ibili, E., Billinghurst, M.: Assessing the relationship between cognitive load and the usability of a mobile augmented reality tutorial system: A study of gender effects. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 6(3), 378–395 (2019) Zhang et al. [2019] Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Zhang, L., Luczak, T., Smith, E., Burch, R.F., et al.: Using microsoft hololens to improve memory recall in anatomy and physiology: A pilot study to examine the efficacy of using augmented reality in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE) 12(1), 2 (2019) Thees et al. [2020] Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. 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Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. 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[2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. 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Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M.P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., Kuhn, J.: Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior 108, 106316 (2020) Geng and Yamada [2020] Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. 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[2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. 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In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. 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In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. 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[2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. 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[2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Geng, X., Yamada, M.: An augmented reality learning system for japanese compound verbs: study of learning performance and cognitive load. Smart Learning Environments 7, 1–19 (2020) Keller et al. [2021] Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. 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Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017)
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IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Keller, S., Rumann, S., Habig, S.: Cognitive load implications for augmented reality supported chemistry learning. Information 12(3), 96 (2021) Cho [2021] Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cho, M.-G.: A study on augmented reality-based virtual pets for the elderly living alone. In: 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 1280–1283 (2021). IEEE Chiam et al. [2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. 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[2021] Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. 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IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chiam, B.S.W., Leung, I.M.W., Devilly, O.Z., Da Ow, C.Y., Guan, F.Y., Tan, B.L.: Novel augmented reality enhanced solution towards vocational training for people with mental disabilities. In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 195–200 (2021). IEEE Tugtekin and Odabasi [2022] Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. 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[2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tugtekin, U., Odabasi, H.F.: Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments? Education and Information Technologies 27(5), 7019–7058 (2022) Uriarte-Portillo et al. [2022] Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. 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[2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. 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[2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. 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Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. 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[2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017)
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[2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Uriarte-Portillo, A., Ibáñez, M.-B., Zataraín-Cabada, R., Barrón-Estrada, M.-L.: Higher immersive profiles improve learning outcomes in augmented reality learning environments. Information 13(5), 218 (2022) Ji and Isbister [2022] Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. 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In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. 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In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. 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[2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. 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[2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. 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Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Ji, C., Isbister, K.: Ar fidget: Augmented reality experiences that support emotion regulation through fidgeting. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1–4 (2022) Javornik et al. [2022] Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. 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[2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. 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[2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017)
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[2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. 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[2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J.B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., Warlop, L.: ‘what lies behind the filter?’uncovering the motivations for using augmented reality (ar) face filters on social media and their effect on well-being. Computers in Human Behavior 128, 107126 (2022) Wenk et al. [2023] Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wenk, N., Penalver-Andres, J., Buetler, K., Nef, T., Müri, R.M., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment. Virtual Reality 27(1), 307–331 (2023) Li et al. [2023] Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. 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In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. 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Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Li, X., Zheng, C., Pan, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., Wang, P., Geng, W.: Comparative study on 2d and 3d user interface for eliminating cognitive loads in augmented reality repetitive tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–17 (2023) Barta et al. [2023] Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. 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[2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. 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[2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. 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[2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. 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Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Barta, S., Gurrea, R., Flavián, C.: Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior 140, 107564 (2023) Mann [1999] Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. 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In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mann, S.: Mediated reality. Linux J. 1999(59es), 5 (1999) Herling and Broll [2010] Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. 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PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. 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PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. 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[2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017)
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SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Herling, J., Broll, W.: Advanced self-contained object removal for realizing real-time diminished reality in unconstrained environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 207–212 (2010). IEEE Mori et al. [2017] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. 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Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Saito, H.: A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9(1), 1–14 (2017) Cheng et al. [2022] Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. 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In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. 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In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. 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Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017)
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Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. 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Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheng, Y.F., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–16 (2022) Chan et al. [2022] Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Chan, S.W., Ryskeldiev, B., Nanayakkara, S.: Declutterar: Mobile diminished reality and augmented reality to address hoarding by motivating decluttering and selling on online marketplace. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp. 870–874 (2022). IEEE Yokoro et al. [2023] Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. 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[2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. 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[2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. 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[2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. 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In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. 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In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017)
- Yokoro, K., Perusquia-Hernandez, M., Isoyama, N., Uchiyama, H., Kiyokawa, K.: Decluttar: An interactive visual clutter dimming system to help focus on work. In: Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2023, pp. 159–170 (2023) Murph et al. [2021] Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. 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[2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. 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[2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., McDonald, M., Richardson, K., Wilkinson, M., Robertson, S., Karunakaran, A., Gandy Coleman, M., Byrne, V., McLaughlin, A.: Diminishing reality: Potential benefits and risks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 65, pp. 164–168 (2021). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Murph et al. [2022] Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Murph, I., Richardson, K., McLaughlin, A.: Methods of training to overcome distraction via diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 66, pp. 1844–1848 (2022). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA Unsworth et al. [2005] Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. 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In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. 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Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. 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[2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W.: An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior research methods 37(3), 498–505 (2005) Raven [1998] Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. 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In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. 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In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. 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[2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Raven, J.: Court jh. manual for raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Assessment. Oxford: Oxford Psychlogists Press (1998) Bezdjian et al. [2009] Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017)
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[2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. 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PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. 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PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. 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Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. 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[2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017)
- Bezdjian, S., Baker, L.A., Lozano, D.I., Raine, A.: Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the go/nogo task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27(2), 365–383 (2009) Koshi et al. [2019] Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. 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[2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. 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[2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. 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- Koshi, M., Sakata, N., Kiyokawa, K.: Augmented concentration: Concentration improvement by visual noise reduction with a video see-through hmd. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 1030–1031 (2019). IEEE Cheever et al. [2014] Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. 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[2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. 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In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. 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In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017)
- Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., Chavez, A.: Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 290–297 (2014) Hartanto and Yang [2016] Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? 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[2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Hartanto, A., Yang, H.: Is the smartphone a smart choice? the effect of smartphone separation on executive functions. Computers in human behavior 64, 329–336 (2016) Niu et al. [2022] Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. [2023] Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. 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In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. 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Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. 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Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. 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[2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. 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[2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Niu, G.-f., Shi, X.-h., Yang, W.-c., Jin, S.-y., Sun, X.-j., et al.: Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? the moderating role of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior 136, 107399 (2022) Terzimehić et al. 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In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. 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Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. 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In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. 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[2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Terzimehić, N., Aragon-Hahner, S., Hussmann, H.: The tale of a complicated relationship: Insights from users’ love/breakup letters to their smartphones before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7(1), 1–34 (2023) Khurpade et al. [2020] Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. 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In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. 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In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017)
- Khurpade, J.M., Gangawane, A.A., Ostwal, G.S., Lalwani, D.M., Vidye, R.G.: The effect of virtual reality and heart rate variability using deep learning for reducing stage fright-glossophobia. In: 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 Technology (I4Tech), pp. 195–198 (2020). IEEE Arias et al. [2021] Arias, P., Bedoya, D., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Aucouturier, J.-J.: Controlling dyadic interactions with real-time smile transformations. In: Society for Affective Science 2021 Conference (2021) Leong et al. [2023] Leong, J., Perteneder, F., Rajvee, M.R., Maes, P.: “picture the audience…”: Exploring private ar face filters for online public speaking. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2023) Caluya et al. [2022] Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. 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[2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. 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[2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. 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Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. 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[2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. 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Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017)
- Caluya, N.R., Plopski, A., Sandor, C., Fujimoto, Y., Kanbara, M., Kato, H.: Does overlay field of view in head-mounted displays affect spatial memorization? Computers & Graphics 102, 554–565 (2022) Kiyokawa et al. [2001] Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017)
- Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y., Ohno, H.: An optical see-through display for mutual occlusion with a real-time stereovision system. Computers & Graphics 25(5), 765–779 (2001) Avveduto et al. [2017] Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017)
- Avveduto, G., Tecchia, F., Fuchs, H.: Real-world occlusion in optical see-through ar displays. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–10 (2017) Mori et al. [2018] Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Mori, S., Ikeda, S., Plopski, A., Sandor, C.: Brightview: Increasing perceived brightness of optical see-through head-mounted displays through unnoticeable incident light reduction. In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), pp. 251–258 (2018) Muller [2019] Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Muller, C.: We have only ourselves to fear: Reflections on ai through the black mirror of “white christmas”. Through the Black Mirror: Deconstructing the Side Effects of the Digital Age, 95–107 (2019) Tams et al. [2018] Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. 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PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. 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PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017)
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[2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. 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Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017)
- Tams, S., Legoux, R., Léger, P.-M.: Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior 81, 1–9 (2018) Wilcockson et al. [2019] Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017)
- Wilcockson, T.D., Osborne, A.M., Ellis, D.A.: Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive behaviors 99, 106013 (2019) Kneidinger-Müller [2019] Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017)
- Kneidinger-Müller, B.: When the smartphone goes offline: A factorial survey of smartphone users’ experiences of mobile unavailability. Computers in Human Behavior 98, 1–10 (2019) Brailovskaia et al. [2023] Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017)
- Brailovskaia, J., Delveaux, J., John, J., Wicker, V., Noveski, A., Kim, S., Schillack, H., Margraf, J.: Finding the “sweet spot” of smartphone use: Reduction or abstinence to increase well-being and healthy lifestyle?! an experimental intervention study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29(1), 149 (2023) Engle [2002] Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current directions in psychological science 11(1), 19–23 (2002) O’Connell et al. [2009] O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017)
- O’Connell, R.G., Dockree, P.M., Bellgrove, M.A., Turin, A., Ward, S., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H.: Two types of action error: electrophysiological evidence for separable inhibitory and sustained attention neural mechanisms producing error on go/no-go tasks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21(1), 93–104 (2009) Redick et al. [2011] Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017)
- Redick, T.S., Calvo, A., Gay, C.E., Engle, R.W.: Working memory capacity and go/no-go task performance: selective effects of updating, maintenance, and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 37(2), 308 (2011) Littman and Takács [2017] Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017) Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017)
- Littman, R., Takács, Á.: Do all inhibitions act alike? a study of go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. PloS one 12(10), 0186774 (2017)
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